Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation, Shri Amit Shah will address 57th Raising Day ceremony of CISF as the Chief Guest in Mundali, Odisha tomorrow

1. At a Glance

Census-2027 is India's 16th decennial Census and the first-ever digital Census, with Self-Enumeration offered for the first time [S1][S2].
Mascots "Pragati" (female) and "Vikas" (male) symbolise equal women–men participation in the Viksit Bharat @2047 vision [S1].
Soft-launched by Union Home & Cooperation Minister Shri Amit Shah in New Delhi on 5 March 2026 [S1].
For UPSC: maps to Polity, Governance, Society, Statistical System — and the long-pending caste enumeration decision.

5 Mar 2026: HM Amit Shah soft-launched digital tools + mascots Pragati & Vikas for Census-2027 [S1].
Cabinet has approved the scheme for Conduct of Census of India 2027 including caste enumeration [S3][S4].
Phase-I (Houselisting & Housing Census) field operations began April 2026 in States/UTs like A&N, Goa, Karnataka, Lakshadweep, Mizoram, Odisha, Sikkim, NDMC area [S5].

First synchronous Census: 1881 under British India; conducted decennially since.
Last completed Census: 2011 (15th). Census 2021 postponed owing to COVID-19.
Cabinet approval for Census-2027 scheme (2025) included caste columns [S3].
2026: Mascots & digital tools launched (5 Mar) [S1]; HLO phase rolled out from April 2026 [S5].

Conducting authority: Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner of India (RGI), under Ministry of Home Affairs [S2][S6].
Legal basis: Census Act, 1948 & Census Rules, 1990.
Constitutional anchor: Entry 69, Union List, Seventh Schedule.
Two phases [S2][S4]:
Phase-I — Houselisting & Housing Census (HLO): Apr–Sep 2026; 30-day window per State/UT.
Phase-II — Population Enumeration (PE): February 2027.
Reference Date: 00:00 hrs of 1 March 2027; for Ladakh & snow-bound areas of J&K, HP, Uttarakhand → 00:00 hrs of 1 October 2026 [S2].
Self-Enumeration: secure web-based portal + mobile app, 16 languages incl. Hindi & English, 15-day window before door-to-door HLO [S2][S6].
Workforce: >30 lakh (3 million+) enumerators, supervisors and officials [S1][S6].
Digital backbone: platforms developed by C-DAC (MeitY) [S6].
Mascots: Pragati (female enumerator) & Vikas (male enumerator) [S1].

Administrative
First Census using handheld digital devices + mobile app, reducing manual schedules [S2].
30 lakh+ field force coordinated by RGI; States set 30-day HLO window per convenience [S2].
Social
Mascot gender pairing (Pragati–Vikas) signals gender-equal participation narrative [S1].
Inclusion of caste enumeration for the first time since 1931 (Cabinet-approved) [S3].
Scientific / Technological
C-DAC-built Self-Enumeration portal and mobile app in 16 languages [S6].
End-to-end digital chain: data capture → transmission → tabulation.
Legal / Constitutional
Governed by Census Act, 1948; respondent's particulars are confidential (Sec. 15 — not admissible in evidence).
Entry 69, Union List assigns Census to the Union.
Governance / Ethical
Self-Enumeration raises data security, privacy, digital divide concerns — to be balanced with DPDP Act, 2023.
Caste data accuracy and use in policy/affirmative action — politically salient.

2025: Union Cabinet approves Census 2027 scheme with caste enumeration [S3].
5 Mar 2026: Amit Shah soft-launches digital tools + mascots Pragati & Vikas in New Delhi [S1].
April 2026: HLO field operations begin in 8 States/UTs incl. Karnataka, Odisha, Goa, Sikkim, Mizoram, A&N, Lakshadweep, NDMC/Delhi Cantt [S5].
2026: RGI holds press conference detailing two-phase, digital-first design [S4].

Census-2027 is India's 16th Census and first digital Census [S2].
Conducted by Office of the RGI under MHA, not MoSPI [S6].
Statutory basis: Census Act, 1948; Constitutional entry: Union List Entry 69 [static].
Reference Date: 1 March 2027 (snow-bound areas: 1 October 2026) [S2].
Phase-I = HLO (Apr–Sep 2026); Phase-II = PE (Feb 2027) [S2].
Self-Enumeration available in 16 languages via web portal + mobile app [S6].
15-day Self-Enumeration window precedes 30-day door-to-door HLO [S2].
Mascots: Pragati (female) and Vikas (male) [S1].
Digital platform developed by C-DAC [S6].
>30 lakh enumerators/supervisors/officials to be deployed [S1].
Caste enumeration included for the first time since 1931 (Cabinet-approved) [S3].
Soft-launch by Amit Shah, Union Minister of Home Affairs & Cooperation, on 5 March 2026, New Delhi [S1].

GS-II — Governance: Role of statutory bodies (RGI); e-Governance; transparency vs privacy.
GS-II — Polity: Caste-based enumeration & social justice; centre-state coordination.
GS-I — Society: Demography, urbanisation, gender.
Possible question stems: 1. "Digital Census-2027 marks a paradigm shift in India's statistical architecture. Examine its opportunities and challenges." (GS-II) 2. "Discuss the rationale and implications of including caste enumeration in Census-2027." (GS-I/II) 3. "Evaluate Self-Enumeration as a tool of citizen-centric governance against concerns of data privacy and digital divide." (GS-II)

Census Act, 1948 — statutory framework.
National Population Register (NPR) — linked to HLO.
SECC 2011 — last caste-tagged exercise; methodology debates.
Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 — privacy of self-enumerated data.
C-DAC & MeitY — tech provider for Census platforms.
Delimitation Commission post-2027 — Census data triggers delimitation (Art. 82).
Women's Reservation Act, 2023 — operationalisation tied to Census + delimitation.
MoSPI vs RGI — institutional distinction in India's statistical system.

Wrong ministry: Census is under MHA (RGI), NOT MoSPI.
Reference Date confusion: It is 1 March 2027 (and 1 Oct 2026 for snow-bound areas), not 1 January.
Mascot mix-up: Pragati = female, Vikas = male (often swapped).
Self-Enumeration window: 15 days before HLO, not after; available in 16 languages (not 22 scheduled languages).
Caste enumeration ≠ SECC 2011: Census-2027's caste count is under the Census Act, 1948, unlike SECC which was an executive exercise.

[S1] Amit Shah soft launches digital tools and mascots Pragati & Vikas for Census-2027 — https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2235470 — (tier: 1)
[S2] Census 2027: India's First Digital Enumeration Exercise — https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2255461 — (tier: 1)
[S3] Cabinet approves scheme of Conduct of Census of India 2027 — https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2202983 — (tier: 1)
[S4] RGI Press Conference on Census-2027 — https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2246847 — (tier: 1)
[S5] Field operations for HLO begin in A&N, Goa, Karnataka, Lakshadweep, Mizoram, Odisha, Sikkim, NDMC/Delhi Cantt — https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2252332 — (tier: 1)
[S6] For the First Time, Census 2027 to Enable Digital Data Collection and Self-Enumeration — https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2257024 — (tier: 1)